Division of Disease Control and Health Protection

Bacillus anthracis has been responsible for pandemics in humans and animals for centuries in Europe, the Middle-East and Africa.  This spore-forming bacterium was most likely transported to the Mississippi River Delta during the French settlement by cargo ships from the Nile valley.  The spores can survive in the environment for years.  Outbreaks are most commonly recognized in livestock although other domestic animals and wildlife, especially deer, may be involved.  Farmers, butchers, veterinarians and persons working with wool, mohair, hides or bones have the greatest potential for becoming infected.  The three manifestations of anthrax are cutaneous, respiratory, and intestinal.