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Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance
Antimicrobial agents have been used since the 1940s to treat patients who
have infectious diseases. However, over time and due to increasing use of
these drugs in humans, animals, and agriculture, many bacteria, fungi,
viruses, and parasites have adapted to them, making the drugs less
effective. Some microorganisms may develop resistance to a single
antimicrobial agent (or related class of agent), while others develop
resistance to several antimicrobial agents or classes. These organisms are
often referred to as multiple drug resistant organisms (MDRO). In some
cases, the microorganisms have become so resistant that no available
antibiotics are effective against them.
Infections with drug-resistant organisms are primarily a problem in
hospitals and other healthcare settings, however they can also spread in the
community at large. People infected with drug-resistant organisms are more
likely to have longer and more expensive hospital stays, and may be more
likely to die as a result of the infection. When the drug of choice for
treating their infection doesn't work, they require treatment with second-
or third-choice drugs that may be less effective, more toxic, and more
expensive. This means that patients with an antimicrobial-resistant
infection may suffer more and pay more for treatment.
More About Antimicrobial Resistance
Guidelines for Prevention and Control of
Infections Due to Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms, March 2010
(Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control, Bureau of
Epidemiology)
Diseases and Pathogens
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Staphylococcus aureus
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An
Antibiogram for Community-Associated S. aureus in Florida,
2006-2010
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In the
November 2008 revision to the FAC Rule 64D-3, Florida made
community-associated S. aureus mortality a reportable condition.
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Additionally,
in November 2008, antibiotic susceptibilities for all S. aureus
isolates from sterile sites became reportable via electronic laboratory
reporting. That data has been coming in gradually and will be shared on
this page once it has been validated an analyzed.
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Vancomycin-Resistant
Enterococci
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Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli (MDM-GNB)
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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S.
pneumoniae data for Florida
(2008)
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Surveillance for Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae
(2000)
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Neisseria meningitidis
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The emergence
of quinolone-resistant N. meningitidis in the U.S. has raised
important questions regarding current chemoprophylaxis guidelines and
highlights the expanding threat of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial
pathogens. The CDC responded to this threat by forming MeningNet, an
enhanced meningococcal surveillance system that will be used to monitor
antimicrobial susceptibility. As part of MeningNet, Florida began
forwarding all N. meningitidis isolates to CDC for antimicrobial
susceptibility testing in late 2008.
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In 2008, a
total of 4 isolates were tested, all of which were susceptible to
penicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and azithromycin.
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Food-borne bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter that
can cause diarrhea and gastroentertitis
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Sexually transmitted bacteria that causes gonorrhea
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Tuberculosis
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Influenza
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HIV
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Malaria
Laboratory Testing
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