Life Expectancy: Life expectancy is the average number of years of life
remaining to a person at a particular age and is based on a given set of
age-specific death rates, generally the mortality conditions existing in the period
mentioned. Life expectancy may be determined by race, sex, or other characteristics
using age-specific death rates for the population with that characteristic.
Live Birth: In the World Health Organization's definition, also adopted by
the United Nations and the National Center for Health Statistics, a live birth is
the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception,
irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation,
breathes or shows any other evidence of life such as heartbeat, umbilical cord
pulsation, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether the umbilical cord
has been cut or the placenta is attached. Each product of such a birth is
considered live born.
Low Birth weight: Low birth weight is defined as less than 2,500 grams or
5 pounds 8 ounces
Managed Care: Managed care is a health care plan that integrates the
financing and delivery of health care services by using arrangements with selected
health care providers to provide services for covered individuals. Plans are
generally financed using capitation fees. There are significant financial
incentives for members of the plan to use the health care providers associated with
the plan. The plan includes formal programs for quality assurance and utilization
review. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations
(PPOs), and point of service (POS) plans are examples of managed care.
Maternal Mortality: The maternal mortality is a measure of the likelihood
that a pregnant woman will die from maternal causes. The number of live births used
in the denominator, when determining a rate, is a proxy for the population of
pregnant women who are at risk of a maternal death. For 1998 and prior years,
Maternal death was defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days
of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the
pregnancy and were assigned ICD9:630-676 codes. For 1999 and forward maternal
deaths are assigned to ICD10: 000-099 codes regardless of time inteval. Maternal
conditions are those assigned to – complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the
puerperium. Maternal death is one for which the certifying physician has designated
a maternal condition as the underlying cause of death and assigning the appropriate
ISD10 codes.
Medicaid: Medicaid was authorized by Title XIX of the Social Security Act
in 1965 as a jointly funded cooperative venture between the federal and state
governments to assist states in the provision of adequate medical care to eligible
needy persons. Medicaid is the largest program providing medical and health-related
services to America's poorest people. Within broad federal guidelines, each of the
states establishes its own eligibility standards; determines the type, amount,
duration, and scope of services; sets the rate of payment for services; and
administers its own program. Thus, the Medicaid program varies considerably from
state to state, as well as within each state over time.
Medical Home: A specific source of ongoing care with a continuing medical
care provider.
Morbidity: Any departure, subjective or objective, from a state of
physiological or psychological well-being.
Mortality Rate: A measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a
defined population during a specified interval of time.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards: The Federal Clean Air Act of 1970,
amended in 1977 and 1990, required the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards. EPA has set specific standards
for each of six major pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, ozone,
sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter whose aerodynamic size is equal to or less
than 10 microns (PM-10). Each pollutant standard represents a maximum concentration
level (micrograms per cubic meter) that cannot be exceeded during a specified time
interval. A county meets the national ambient air quality standards if none of the
six pollutants exceed the standard during a 12-month period.
Neonatal mortality: Neonatal mortality is defined as those deaths that
occur within the first 28 days of life. The top four leading causes of neonatal
mortalities are: congenital anomalies, disorders related to short gestation and low
birth weight, respiratory distress, and maternal complications of pregnancy.
Notifiable Disease: A notifiable disease is one that, when diagnosed,
health providers are required, usually by law, to report to state or local public
health officials. Notifiable diseases are those of public interest by reason of
their contagiousness, severity, or frequency.
Outpatient Department: According to the National Hospital Ambulatory
Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), an outpatient department (OPD) is a hospital facility
where nonurgent ambulatory medical care is provided.
Overweight: Overweight for children and adolescents is defined as BMI at or
above the sex-and age-specific 95th percentile BMI cut points from the revised CDC
Growth Charts.
Particulate Matter: Particulate matter is defined as particles of solid or
liquid matter in the air, including nontoxic materials (soot, dust, and dirt) and
toxic materials (for example, lead, asbestos, suspended sulfates, and nitrates).
Patient: A patient is a person who is formally admitted to the inpatient
service of a hospital for observation, care, diagnosis, or treatment.
PCBs: PCB's include any of a group of toxic, chlorinated aromatic
hydrocarbons used in a variety of commercial applications, including paints, inks,
adhesives, electrical condensers, batteries, and lubricants; known to cause skin
diseases and suspected of causing birth defects and cancer. (An acronym for
polychlorinated biphenyl.) (1996, Academic Press, Inc.)
http://www.academicpress.com.
|
|
Perinatal Period: The perinatal period is the time from 28 weeks gestation
to one week after birth. The following are life-threatening health conditions that
take place during the perinatal period: fetus and newborn affected by maternal
factors and by complications of pregnancy, labor, and delivery; disorders related
to length of gestation and fetal growth; birth trauma; respiratory and
cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period; infections specific to
the perinatal period; hemorrhagic and hematological disorders of fetus and newborn;
transitory endocrine and metabolic disorders specific to fetus and newborn;
digestive system disorders of fetus and newborn; conditions involving the
integument and temperature regulation of fetus and newborn; other diseases
originating in the perinatal period.
Phenylketonuria (PKU): Newborns are screened for this lack of an enzyme to
properly convert the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Those with the condition
require immediate and efficient treatment for norml development and intelligence.
They will need lifelong diet management.
Pollutant: A pollutant is any substance that renders the atmosphere or
water foul or noxious to health.
Population: The total number of inhabitants of a given area or country. In
sampling, the population may refer to the units from which the sample is drawn, not
necessarily the total population of people.
Poverty Level: Poverty statistics are based on definitions originally
developed by the Social Security Administration. These include a set of money
income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. Families or individuals
with income below their appropriate thresholds are classified as below the poverty
level. These thresholds are updated annually by the U.S. Bureau of the Census to
reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U). For
example, the average poverty threshold for a family of four was $16,660 in 1998 and
$13,359 in 1990.
Postneonatal mortality: Postneonatal mortality is defined as those deaths
that occur after the first 28 days of life, but before the child reaches age one.
The top four leading causes of postneonatal deaths are: sudden infant death
syndrome (SIDS), congenital anomalies, injuries, pneumonia and influenza, and
homicide.
Prevalence: Prevalence is the number of cases of a disease, infected
persons, or persons with some other attribute present during a particular interval
of time. It is often expressed as a rate (for example, the prevalence of diabetes
per 1,000 persons during a year).
Primary Admission Diagnosis: In the National Home and Hospice Care Survey
the primary admission diagnosis is the first-listed diagnosis at admission on the
patient's medical record as provided by the agency staff member most familiar with
the care provided to the patient.
Public Health Activities: Public health activities may include any of the
following essential services of public health: surveillance, investigations,
education, community mobilization, workforce training, research, and personal care
services delivered or funded by governmental agencies.
Public Health Surveillance: The systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation, and dissemination of health data on an ongoing basis, to gain
knowledge of the pattern of disease occurrence and potential in a community, in
order to control and prevent disease in the community.
Rate: A rate is a measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation
to a unit of population, along with some specification of time.
Risk Factor: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental
exposure, or an inborn or inherited characteristic that is associated with an
increased occurrence of disease or other health-related event or condition.
Root Caries: Dental decay that occurs on the root portion of a tooth. (In
younger persons, root surfaces are usually covered by gum [gingival] tissue.)Case:
In epidemiology, a countable instance in the population or study group of a
particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation. Sometimes,
an individual with the particular disease.(3)
Rural Counties: The Florida statutory definition of a rural county is any
county with 100 or fewer persons per square mile.
Sickle Cell Disease: see Hemoglobinopathies
State Health Agency: The agency or department within state government
headed by the state or territorial health official. Generally, the state health
agency is responsible for setting statewide public health priorities, carrying out
national and state mandates, responding to public health hazards, and assuring
access to health care for underserved state residents.
Suicidal Ideation: Suicidal ideation is having thoughts of suicide or of
taking action to end one's own life. Suicidal ideation includes all thoughts of
suicide, both when the thoughts include a plan to commit suicide and when they do
not include a plan. Suicidal ideation is measured in the Youth Risk Behavior Survey
by the question “During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider
attempting suicide?”
Very Low Birth weight: Very low birth weight is defined as less than 1,500
grams or 3 pounds 4 ounces.
Vital Statistics: Systematically tabulated information about births,
marriages, divorces, and deaths, based on registration of these vital events.
WIC: Food, nutrition counseling, and access to health services are provided
to low-income women, infants, and children under the Special Supplemental Nutrition
Program for Women, Infants, and Children, popularly known as WIC. WIC provides
Federal grants to states for supplemental foods, health care referrals, and
nutrition education for low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and non-breastfeeding
postpartum women, and to infants and children who are found to be at nutritional
risk.
Years of Potential Life Lost: Years of potential life lost (YPLL) is a
measure of premature mortality.
|
